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Part 2. 경제, 산업 기업, 금융

1. 로버트 졸릭 미 통상대표부 대표 인터뷰
U.S. Trade Representative Robert B. Zoellick
Final Press Conference, World Trade Organization Fifth Ministerial Meeting ,Cancun, Mexico, September 14, 2003
: Ambassador Zoellick, I'm curious to know what your assessment is on¹ how damaged the Doha Round is now, going forward, and what your prediction is as to² whether it could possibly live up to its timetable³ or whether countries are going to somehow or other regroup, or what your assessment is going into the months ahead. ZOELLICK: Neil, did you say damaging to the WTO? : Well, I was actually asking more about the Doha Round itself, but I would be interested in what your thoughts were on the fate of the WTO. ZOELLICK: It's hard for me to believe that⁴ , in the position we are now, that we will be able to finish on time. And I was straight with my colleagues and I was straight over the course of the process. I think we had a shot coming into this meeting⁵ , and that's why we urged people to work off the text that the Chair of the General Council from Uruguay had developed on behalf of the then 146, now 148.---. : Mr. Zoellick, you've noted in the past the failure of the Clinton Administration⁶ to succeed in getting a new round launched in Seattle. Do you now have greater sympathy for your predecessor Charlene Barshefsky and a greater appreciation for why Seattle failed? : The fate of the Free Trade Area of the Americas negotiation has been closely tight to the WTO, particularly the issue of agriculture. Given the setback here, your pessimism about completing the Doha Development Round by 2005⁷ , do you think that is still an achievable target date for concluding the FTAA? : Ambassador Zoellick, some of those countries that you mentioned that were moving, does that include China? As far as I know⁸ in the observations by U.S. officials over the last few days the comment that the G-21 included many countries that have had trade interests. But somehow⁹ the criticism all seemed to¹⁰ be heaped on Brazil. It seemed awfully muted toward China. How will China's membership in the G-21 affect our bilateral trade relationship with the giant with whom the United States has an enormous trade deficit? Was there no leverage you could have used?¹¹ :When you say developing countries came out without a text because they did not want to, is it a way of making them responsible for this situation? : Ambassador Zoellick, at the end of Seattle, Pascal Lamy and Charlene Barshefsky turned to Mike Moore, who was then the director-general of the WTO and said, "You have to fix¹² this organization. It doesn't work." Implicitly¹³, you have also criticized the way in which things are decided here or move forward here, but you haven't gone so far as to say that¹⁴ we need to go back to Geneva and make the WTO work better. You have said, "We will solve trade liberalization through bilateralism and regionalism if we need to." Are you saying that you don't think it is a U.S. responsibility to try to make the WTO work better? : This is supposed to be the development round.¹⁵ Poor countries were very clear that the Singapore issues were not their priority. And yet it was still put at the top of the agenda. Has the fact that this is a development round actually made enough difference to rich countries' tactics in Cancun?


¹ : Be curious to know that-을 알고 싶다. 여기서는 (도하 라운드에 얼마나 차질을 빚게 됐는지 그리고 얼마나 빚을 것이라고) 평가하는지 알고 알고 싶다. ² : As to -에 관해 ³ : 도하 라운드가 일정표대로 유효할 것인지, live up to=keep to the high standards of- ⁴ : 나로서는 -를 믿기 어렵다 ⁵ : a shot=a chance: we had a good chance in this meeting ⁶ : 당신은 과거에 클린턴 행정부가 시애틀 뉴라운드에 이르지 못한 것에 대해 쓴 적이 있다. ⁷ : 도하 어젠다를 2005년까지 마무리짓는 것이 어려울 것이라는 것을 전제로 한다면 ⁸ : 내가 아는 한 ⁹ : 왠일 인지, ¹⁰ : seem:인 것처럼 보이다.; 모든 비판이 브라질에 쏠리는 것처럼 보인다. ¹¹ : 당신이 사용할 수 있었던 지렛대는 전혀 없었나 ¹² : 해결하다 ¹³ : 묵시적으로 ¹⁴ : 할 정도로 멀리 가지는 않았다 ¹⁵ : 이 회의는 개발 라운드가 될 것으로 여겨지고 있다.


2. 졸릭 미통상대표부 대표 인터뷰
Robert Zoellick, the U.S trade representative, Booming market in trade talks, IHT Nov 19, 2002
-Will another terrorist attack or a crisis with Iraq over weapons of mass destruction disrupt the recent progress to hasten trade liberalization?¹ (In fact, it was the reverse.) -Is free trade an antidote to terrorism?² -Is the U.S. giving priority to bilateral and regional free trade agreements³ as an easier and more effective way of freeing up trade than working through the WTO? -The U.S. is close to⁴ clinching free trade deals with Chille and Singapore. Do you see such arrangements as the nucleus of an eventual trans-Pacific free-trade zone? -Does the United States regard⁵ the start of negotiations between Chian and ASEAN.-the Association of South East Asian Nations-to form a free-trade area within 10 years as positive development?


¹ : Disrupt; 방해하다 ,또다른 테러 공격등이 무역자유화를 서둘기 위한 최근의 과정을 방해할 것인가 ² : 해독제 ³ : give priority to-를 중시하다. 미국은 양자협상이나 지역자유무역 협정을 중시하는가 ⁴ : -에 거의 다다랐다. ⁵ : Regard A as B, A를 B로 여기다.


3. 리차드 레빈 예일대 총장(경제학 박사) 인터뷰
Dr. Richard Levin, president of Yale Univ. Joonang Daily News, May 2003
-Are you familiar with the corporate governance of Korean conglomerates?¹ -It was blamed for undermining the competitiveness² and efficiency of companies, leading to³ 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis. -As you may know, LG Group recently introduced a financial holding system. Do you believe that the introduction of financial holding systems, which is the direction that the Korean government aims at, would be one of the valid options to solve the problem?


¹ : Be familiar with, 당신은 한국재벌의 기업지배구조에 대해 잘 아는가 ² : 재벌은 기업의 경쟁력을 잠식했다는 비난을 받았다. ³ : (결국)-에 이르다


4. 투자전문가 라운드테이블
Investing roundtable/ The best stocks in the world, IHT, Money Report, Nov. 23. 2002
-It seems that¹ there is no place to hide for a global investor right now. What's your outlook for the global markets right now?² (I am still cautious³ because the bubble was so large that it's going to take a while to⁴ unwind. ---I am sort of ill-equipped to answer because we are value boys and look at investment opportunities from the bottom up.) -So what strategies are each of you following?⁵ -Do you still⁶ feel the same way⁷ ? -Mr.Wilby, you say that technology looks interesting. What are some names you like and why?⁸ -You own Qualcomm Inc. What's the attraction?⁹ -Mr.Hollan, you were a fan of Cisco Systems Inc.a year ago. Do you still own it? -Have you abandoned technology¹⁰ ? -So where are you finding opportunities? -You don't shrink from¹¹ controversy.For the record,we should note that Dennis Kozlowski, Tyco's former chief executive,is under indictment on charges that¹² he and the company's chief financial officer looted the conglomerate. (Somebody said they also started buying Tyco when it went below $20) -What value plays are you finding in Europe? -Let's move on from value to growth with Mr.Wilby.¹³ -What about emerging markets? ¹⁴


¹ : --인 것처럼 보이다. ² : 세계시장 전망이 어떤가 ³ : 조심스럽다 ⁴ : --하기까지 시간이 많이 걸리다 ⁵ : 어떤 전략을 따르고 있나 ⁶ : 여전히 (자주 쓰이는 부사) ⁷ : 똑같이 느끼다 ⁸ : 좋아하는 기술주는 어떤 것이 있고 이유는 뭐냐 ⁹ : 매력이 뭐냐 ¹⁰ : 기술주를 버렸느냐 ¹¹ : -때문에 위축되다 ¹² : -한 혐의로 기소돼 있다 ¹³ : 가치주에서 성장주로 주제를 옮겨보자. 윌비씨부터 시작하자 ¹⁴ : 이머징 마켓은 어떤가. What about= what news and opinions do you have concerning


5. 미국 상무부 차관 인터뷰
Kenneth Juster, Undersecretary of Commerce U.S. seeks Southeast Asia's help againt terrorism , IHT Oct 16,2002
-How effective have United Nations and international sanctions been in¹ denying the Iraqi regime access to weapons of mass destruction,particulary nuclear weapons and technology? -Isn't part of the solution to put in place more effective national export control arrangements?² -Nontheless³ , would stronger export controls by East Asian countries be helpful in⁴ preventing such evasions? -Don't the export controls target⁵ strategic items but not conventional high explosives of the kind that were reportedly used in the Bali bombing? -Are terrorists groups seeking to disrupt critical computer networks as well as⁶ trying to get advanced weapons? -How could a cyberattack occur?⁷ -How effective are the defenses against cyberattacks in and outside the U.S?


¹ : (국제적 제재가) -하는 데 얼마나 효과적이었나 ² : 보다 효과적인 수출통제 정책을 쓰는 것이 부분적인 해결책이 되지 않겠느냐 ³ : 그럼에도 불구하고 ⁴ : (동아시아의 보다 강력한 수출통제가) -하는데 도움이 되지 않을까 ⁵ : 수출통제는 전략적 물품들을 겨낭한 것이아니냐 ⁶ : (테러리스트 그룹들이) 중요한 컴퓨터 네트워크를 방해함과 함께(as well as)--2 ⁷ : occur= take place, 사이버 공격은 어떻게 일어나느냐


6. 전문가 좌담.스팸메일을 어떻게 막을 것인가.
Ideas to turn off the torrent of spam, Regulate spam, ban it,censor it,tax it, the cries rise up. Conversations with people who have some ideas for a solution. IHT May 28, 2003
-Hans Peter Brondmo, senior vice president of Digital impact, which sends e-mail on behalf of¹ 115 companies, including Citibank and Gap. You are developing Project Lumos for companies that send commercial e-mail. What is it? -Steve Linford,director of the Spamhaus Project, which runs² the biggest blacklist of spammers in the world. How does it work?³ -Some lists also block mail from users who are not sending spam to put pressure on the service providers that are host for the spammers. Do you do this? -You consider any e-mail that you don't ask for to be spam.⁴ Why is it different from postal mail? -Esther Dyson, editor of the technology newsletter Release 1.0. You have advocated self regulation for the Internet. Do you think that will work for spam?⁵ -Aren't the volunteers tracking down spammers a good use of⁶ the Internet's ability to mobilize communities? -Do you think legislation can help? -Orson Swindle, a member of the Federal Trade Commission. Why are you skeptical⁷ that new laws will help? -What do you think of⁸ the proposal for the FTC to turn a do-not-spam list much like the new do-not-call-list?


¹ : 을 대신해서, 을 위해서 ² : 운영하다 ³ : 그것은 어떻게 작동하느냐 ⁴ : consider A to be B, A를 B로 생각하다 ⁵ : 당신은 그것이 스팸을 해결해줄 수 있다고 생각하나 ⁶ : (스패머를 track down하는 자원자들이야말로) 인터넷의 선용(善用) 사례 아니겠느냐 ⁷ : be skeptical that (혹은 of) -에 대해 회의적이다. Opp.)be optimistic that (of)-에 대해 낙관적이다. ⁸ : --을 생각하느냐


7. 싱가포르 차관 인터뷰
Building a whole new Mindset. Singapore Deputy Minister Lee Hsien Loong, How to revitalize its economy? Far Eatern Economic Review Jul.11.2002 economy
-What is the most important ingredient needed to¹ remake Singapore? -How much change do you expect to be able to initiate² from a government planning prospective³ and how much of it do you expect Singaporeans to do on their own?⁴ -Isn't one way to promote enterpreneurship getting the government to become less involved in the economy?⁵ -What needs to happen in⁶ Singapore for Singaporeans to rely less on government and planning⁷ ? -How will some of the broad economic trends play out⁸ in the manufuacturing sector over the next year or two? -In terms of⁹ the kinds of changes needed in the business community here,do you see,in 10 or 20 years, any similar need for change in the political system¹⁰ ? -Isn't changing mindsets and promoting enterpreurial behavior linked to¹¹ a change in the political culture? (The U.S is not the only model of an enterprneurial society. The European model is different, and the Japanese model was successful for a long time…) -How do you separate that out?¹² We still want to have a fairly unified society driven by a single vision,yet we want companies to be aggressive and do things on their own¹³ ? -What is the biggest obstacles in changing people? -Does the same fear of¹⁴ losing your job,this insecurity,does it exist in government jobs? -Is there a sense that¹⁵ this lecture on the need for change is coming from people in government with secure jobs?


¹ : -하기 위해 가장 필요한 요소는 무엇이냐 ² : 얼마나 많은 변화를 추동(initiate)할 수 있다(be able to)고 기대하느냐 ³ : 정부 계획전망으로 봤을 때 ⁴ : 그것 중에 얼마만큼(how much of it) 싱가포르가 스스로 할 수 있다고 기대하느냐 ⁵ : 정부가 경제에 덜 개입하는 것이 기업가정신을 고취하는 하나의 방법 아닌가? ⁶ : -에서 무엇이 필요하나, 어떤 일이 생길 필요가 있나 ⁷ : 정부 계획에 덜 의존하기 위해 ⁸ : (폭넓은 경제적 추세가) 어떻게 펼쳐질 것인가(앞으로 1-2년간 제조업 분야에서) ⁹ : in terms of: --와 관련하여, 여기서는 경제분야에서 필요한 변화의 종류들을 생각한다면 ¹⁰ : 10년 20년내에 정치에서도 비슷한 변화의 필요가 있다고 보는가 ¹¹ : (사람들의 마음가짐을 바꾸고 기업가적 행위를 고취시키는 것은 정치문화의 변화와 연관돼 있는 것 아닌가 ¹² : 어떻게 그것을 떼내어서 볼 수 있는가. (즉 -한 사회를 원하면서 기업들은 -하게끔 하는 일을 구분할 수 있나는 얘기) ¹³ : want somebody to do-누가 무엇을 하기를 바라다 ¹⁴ : fear of -의 두려움 ¹⁵ : --하는 것이 맞다고 생각하나(즉 정부내에서 안정된 일자리를 보장받은 사람이 변화가 필요하다고 말하는 것이 이치에 맞나는 뜻?


8. SK채권단 대표 김승유 하나은행장 인터뷰
SK creditors need confidence. Kim Seung-yoo, president of Hana Bank Joongana Daily News Jun. 10. 2003
-What should SK Group do? -What's the position of creditors?¹ -Have you continued to talk with the chairman Son Kil-seung? -Some say a debt-equity swap² will not be enough. -Are you considering selling the shares in Walker Hill Hotels Ltd.,which Chey Tae-won put down as collateral³ ? -Will it be possible for Mr.Chey to make a comeback in his management position? -Some say Mr.Kim is too moderate on⁴ SK Global.


¹ : 채권단의 입장은 무엇이냐 ² : 채권을 출자로 전환하는 것 ³ : 담보로 제공한 ⁴ : 김행장이 (SK에 대해) 너무 온건하다는 얘기도 있는데..


9. 피델리티 펀드 전 CEO 로버트 포젠 인터뷰- 뮤추얼 펀드 리뷰
Monthly Mutual Funds Review-Preaching the Fund Gospel-Former Fidelity Boss Robert Pozen gets a new pulpit. WST 05/06/2002
If you want to put a finger on the pulse of the mutual-fund business¹ ,one of the first places to go would be the neatly kept Harvard University office of Robert Pozen. He also served on President Bush's commission to overhaul² the Social Security system. -The fund industry looks different today than it did 10 years ago³ .What do you expect it will look like 10 years from now?⁴ -What do you think of the trend of funds being sold more through financial intermediaries⁵ instead of directly by fund companies in the "no-load" channel? (* Traditionally,mutual funds were distributed through intermeiaries-mainly broker-dealers-who sold mutual funds for a front-end sales load charged to the investor at the time of purchase. These sale loads have gradually declined from⁶ 8.5% in the 1960s to an average of 4%-5% currently.) -Are you surprised with the growth of index fund investing in recent years? -How should fund managers be reaching in a bear market? -Should they be holding more cash? -At Fidelity,most funds are led by one person,but many other firms use teams of managers. What do you think of the team approach? -What do you see as the effects of⁷ fund-company consolidation? -How long will the consolidation continue⁸ ? -You've raised issues about⁹ the level of regulation being greater in mutual funds than in hedge funds. Are mutual-fund regulations too heavy or hedge-fund regulations too light? -Should mutual-fund managers also be allowed to¹⁰ manage hedge funds? -Should there be more mandatory disclosure of fund holdings than the current twice a year? ¹¹ -What's your opinion about new alternative products like 'separately managed accounts 'and 'exchange-traded funds'? How big of a threat do they pose to¹² mutual funds? -What about¹³ the tax advantages of separately managed accounts versus mutual funds? -What do you see as the future of Social Security reform?¹⁴ -What changes do you expect will come out of the Enron bankruptcy?¹⁵ -Should funds and their investment advisers have different auditors? -What do you hope¹⁶ invetors will get out of your book?


¹ : 뮤추얼 펀드업계를 진맥하다 ² : 개혁하다 ³ : 10년전과 다르게 보인다 ⁴ : 10년후에는 어떻게 될 것으로 보느냐? What-look like; --가 어떠하다. ⁵ : 금융중개회사들 ⁶ : (판매수수료율이)지속적으로 떨어지다 ⁷ : -의 효과를 어떻게 보느냐 ⁸ : -가 얼마나 지속될 것인가 ⁹ : 에 관한 이슈를 제기해왔다 ¹⁰ : (뮤추얼 펀드 메니저가 헤지펀드도 관리할 수 있도록 허용돼야 하나? ¹¹ : Fund holdings에 대해 1년에 2차례씩 공개토록 한 현재보다 더 자주 공개토록 하는 의무(mandatory)규정이 있어야 하나, is there more mandatory disclosure---에 조동사 should가 들어가면서 어순이 should there be----로 바뀌었음 ¹² : -에 대해 얼마만큼 큰 위협을 가하고 있나 ¹³ : --에 대해 어떤 새로운 얘기(의견)가 있나 ¹⁴ : 사회보장 개혁의 장래를 어떻게 보느냐, what do you see as= how do you see ¹⁵ : 엔론 부도로 인해 어떤 변화가 일어날 것으로 예상하느냐 ¹⁶ : (투자자들이 당신 책에서)무엇을 배우길 바라는가


10. 버클리 경영대학원 마케팅 교수 인터뷰
Interview with David Aaker, Professor of Marketing at UC-Berkeley's Haas School of Business, author of "Brand Leadership"
2000. From the Forbes Forum on Management and Policy-"The Brand New Economy" -Professor Aaker, you have talked about¹ successful companies that have built their brand, such as Kodak and GE and more recently Saturn. Do these companies have a common thread in terms of their success?² ( They all have a personality, something memorable, fun to be with) -And how do they go about developing that personality, as you call it?³ -How has the Internet changed the building of brands?⁴ -And yet you're faced with⁵ so many competitors on the Internet,if you're just starting out how do you separate yourself out from all the competition? -And yet they're…with all the search engines on the Internet… doesn't that give people a bit of an advantage. In other words⁶ , if I enter in pets then I might get five of them that have the word "pet" in there. -Speaking of the Internet,⁷ has it really broken the rules⁸ as far as brand development (is concerned).⁹ For example, we have companies like Yahoo that almost overnight¹⁰ became brand names and yet they didn't spend as much¹¹ in the initial stages in marketing and advertising. How did it happen? -So you're saying that it should be other than¹² traditional media advertising, what sorts of other things?¹³ -What about ¹⁴ companies that already have a brand, for example you mentioned Kodak in your book. How does a company maintain and grow that brand? -And yet how does one do that unless you do the the traditional media advertising,¹⁵ spend a lot of money¹⁶ ? (The best way to do it is through true innovation,to come out with new products.) -So it's really the combination of public relations and advertising and promotion, the whole marketing approach? -Now we have seen the announcement of the merger of AOL and Time Warner, what do you think of that as a combined brand,just the name alone? -Do you think ultimately they will change the title so that it won't be AOL/Time Warner¹⁷ ,that it'll be some new name or that they'll only use one or the other? -But is there such a thing as a name that's too long¹⁸ , is that too long,that name? -You mentioned the case study of Kodak and what is the origination of that name?¹⁹ -And what happened with Kodak specifically?²⁰ -So no baggage from the past, this is a whole new brand? -All right, what about companies that have doveloped a strong brand²¹ but the business doesn't catch up with it,in other words they're not profitable,what happens there? -So brands can have dips and resurgence²² ? -We were talking about the dot-com companies and you said the traditional advertising may not be the best route for them, and yet,for example over the SuperBowl, we saw companies spending millions of dollars for one 30 seconds ad. Why did they do that,and was that a good strategy? -Break out of the clutter but it's sort of a one shot thing, it's not the repetition that you always hear that you need with building brand. -So the idea is to create a memory peg so that people will come back? -Thank you. What about the idea of globalization,how do companies go about creating a brand,not just in the United States but worldwide? -Your company is called Prophet Brand Strategy, how are you working with companies to develop their brands and how are you developing your own brand? -But if you have different managers all in different directions, isn't that hard to get them all together? -And how are you developing your brand with your own company? -Why is it that²³ most companies don't really spend a lot of time or put a lot of money into branding? -And so what ultimately happens to the business if they don't think about the brand? -So what does that mean²⁴ for a lot of Internet companies over the long haul? Companies that we hear about today? -And the ones that don't?(They are going to fall by the wayside.) -You mentioned a case study of Saturn as way that a company effectively builds a brand…has it kept up with that brand over the years,has GM kept up with it?²⁵ -Why,they haven't invested enough into the brand,in models? -In that case, would it be better for a company to almost spin off a division like that and let them be on their own, in that sense?²⁶ -Do you think that'll be turn around in the future? -Many traditional companies that have been doing business for years and years are now faced with doing business on the Internet and almost having to reinvent their brands on the Internet. Which companies are successful at doing that? -And what about media companies, we heard that companies that are well known household names,newspapers,television broadcast, should do very well on the Internet and yet you have AOL and some other competition there. It is significant that they came about ²⁷ with very little tradition. Why has that happened? -One of the big debates is the discussion of whether²⁸ people will go for interactive television or will they rather just sort of passively²⁹ sit by and watch television as entertainment. What do you think about that? -Do you think the Internet is really going to be the place where people want the interactive part…? -Very briefly,³⁰ what advice would you have for³¹ companies in terms of ³² building and maintaining their brands? What is the most important thing they need to do?


¹ : -에 대해 얘기해 왔다 ² : in terms of -과 관련해:이 회사들이 성공한 공통적인 줄거리가 있느냐 (have a common thread) ³ : go about=proceed, try : 어떻게 그런 (당신이 말한 그런 )personality를 개발하고 있는가 ⁴ : 인터넷은 브랜드 만들기를 어떻게 변화시켜왔나 ⁵ : -에 직면해 있다. ⁶ : 다른 말로 ⁷ : 인터넷에 관해 말하자면 ⁸ : (인터넷은 브랜드 개발에 관한) 법칙을 진정으로 깨 왔는가 ⁹ : as far as -is concerned (브랜드 개발)에 관한 한, ¹⁰ : 거의 하룻밤만에 ¹¹ : 그만큼 많이 ¹² : --와는 다른 ¹³ : 다른 어떤 종류의 것이냐? ¹⁴ : --은 어떠냐, 어떻게 생각하나 ¹⁵ : 만약 전통적인 미디어 광고를 이용하지 않는다면(그리고 많은 돈을 써진 않는다면) 새 브랜드를 키우기 위해서는 어떻게 해야 하나 ¹⁶ : what about= what news or plans do you have concerning=에 관해 새 소식이나 계획이 있느냐 ¹⁷ : --결국(ultimately) 그들은 이름을 바꾸어 AOL/TIME 아닌 무엇으로 될 것이라고 생각하나 so that-하도록 ¹⁸ : (이름으로서는 너무 길다는) 그런 점이 있느냐? ¹⁹ : 이름의 유래(origination)이 뭐냐, 어디서 따온 이름이냐 ²⁰ : 구체적으로 코닥에게 무슨 일이 일어났나 ²¹ : 강력한 브랜드를 개발해 온 회사들은 어떤가(what about--) ²² : have dips and resurgence= 부침을 겪다 ²³ : -하는 이유가 무엇이냐,--는 것은 왜인가 ²⁴ : 그것은 무슨 뜻이냐, 무엇을 의미나느냐. What does it mean? (Toefl 시험에 가장 자주나오는 질문) ²⁵ : saturn사는 수년동안 브랜드를 잘 관리해왔느냐. GM도 잘 관리해왔나? ²⁶ : --하는 것이 나았을까(Would it be better-- ²⁷ : came about=appear: (거의 아무런 전통도 없는 상태에서) 나타나다 ²⁸ : 가장 큰 논란중의 하나는 -할 지 -할지에 관한 논의이다. ²⁹ : 아니면 그냥 (일종의) 수동적으로 ³⁰ : 아주 짧게 (말하겠다. 답해달라) ³¹ : -에 대해 어떤 조언을 해주겠는가 ³² : -에 관해


11. 인텔 CEO 인터뷰
CEO CALL, Craig Barret, Intel Corp. FEER, Sep 19, 2002.
-Intel has a strategy of "innovating out of recession." How will this play out in Asia?¹ -What are the potential hitches for your business in China?² -Compared to³ your last trip to Vietnam in 1999, has anything changed? -Yet the Vietnamese government has announced tighter supervision of Internet cafes?⁴ -In a case pending before the California Supreme Court⁵ , Intel argues that⁶ a disgruntled ex-employee has "trespassed" because he sent critical missives through Intel's e-mail system. What about those who worry about a chilling effect on free speech?⁷


¹ : 아시아에서 이 전략이 어떻게 펼쳐지느냐 ² : potential hitch= 잠재적인 문제점. ³ : -와 비교해서 ⁴ : 하지만 베트남 정부는 인터넷 카페에 대한 보다 엄격한 감시를 선언했는데? ⁵ : 캘리포니아 법원에 계류중인 소송에서 ⁶ : 라고 주장하다 ⁷ : 자유로운 언로를 얼어붙게 하는 효과를 염려하는 사람들에 대해 어떻게 생각하나(what about)


12. 미-중 경제평의회 회장 인터뷰
Robert Kapp, president of the U.S.-China's Business Council in Washington 'Business emergency' looms in SARS crisis IHT Apr.28, 2003
Have any large business deals between American companies and China been delayed or derailed because of SARS? (We are not aware of¹ any large transactions which have fallen through over this) Which industries that do business in China have been hurt most² ? Which have been relatively insulated? (Obviously, airlines are at the top of the list.) Aside from³ disruptions to exhibitions, conferences, travel and so on, are you seeing more subtle damage⁴ in business and economic relations between the United States and China? Assuming that⁵ the spread of SARS can be halted soon, how long will it take⁶ for the economic and business effects to dissipate? (My feeling is that at least for China, the economic effects would recede rather quickly.) Where would you put SARS in a ranking of the most significant problems confronting⁷ American-Chinese business relations in recent years?


¹ : be aware of-알다 ² : 어떤 산업이 가장 심한 타격을 받아왔나 ³ : (전시회 회의 여행 등의 차질)외에도 ⁴ : 보다 미묘한 손실이 있다고 보고 있나. ⁵ : --을 가정하면 ⁶ : (사스로 인한)경제적 효과가 사그러들려면 얼마나 걸릴까: how long does it take for me to go there? (내가 거기 가는데 얼마나 걸리나), ⁷ : 당신은 미중 경제관계가 직면한 가장 중요한 문제중 SARS가 어느 정도 위치를 차지하고 있다고 생각하나


13. 미 관세청장 인터뷰
Screening cargo for terror shipments The U.S. Customs commissioner, Robert Bonner IHT, Sep. 2003
Why is the United States so concerned that¹ a terrorist state or group would use a shipping container to transport a chemical, biological or nuclear bomb to a U.S. port? How will the U.S.-sponsored Container Security Initiative to screen suspect U.S.-bound containers in foreign ports work in practice?² Will selective checks be an effective safeguard when there is an annual torrent of³ some 5.7 million shipping containers reaching the United States, carrying goods worth⁴ nearly $600 billion? So far⁵ , only six countries have agreed to join the U.S. container security program. The nine big ports in those countries account for⁶ not much more than 1.7 million of the 5.7 million shipping containers reaching the U.S. each year. When do you expect the other 11 large ports for U.S.-bound cargo in China, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Italy, Britain, Spain, and Thailand to join the program? What assurances can you give⁷ that the container security program won't add significantly to costs or slow the movement of container trade to the U.S.? Will smaller ports around the world be asked to⁸ join the program, or will they have to ship their U.S-bound cargo via bigger ports that are in the Container Security Initiatives?


¹ : --에 대해 매우 걱정하다 ² : --이 실제로 어떻게 작동하게 되나 screen suspect U.S.-bound containers 수상한 미국행 컨테이너를 걸러내다 ³ : 매년 -어치의 물품이 억수처럼 쏟아져 들어오다 ⁴ : 의 가치가 있는 ,여기서는 거의 6000억달러 어치의 물품 ⁵ : 지금까지 so far= until now ⁶ : account for= give or be an explanation for, 설명하다 설명이 되다. 여기서는 570만 컨테이너 물량중 170만에 불과하다 ⁷ : (보안검색 프로그램이 운송비용을 높이고 컨테이너 물량처리 속도를 늦추진 않을 것이라는) 보장을 어떻게 할 수 있는가 ⁸ : (전세계의 작은 항구들이) 이 프로그램에 참여할 것을 요청받거나 아니면 미국행 화물선은 컨테이너 보안조치가 취해지는 큰 항구를 거치게 되나


14. 위성 브로드밴드 인터넷서비스 공급회사 사장 인터뷰
'We bred a tough bunch of entrepreneurs' Candance Johnson, president of Europe Online SA, a satellite broadband Internet Service povider based in Luxembourg. IHT. Sep 23. 2002
What are conditions like¹ for an entrepreneur in Europe in 2002? (It has always been difficult, and is still is.) You have dedicated a large part of your life to the deregulation of telecommunications and the introduction of competition in Europe. Have you won that fight?² Aren't third-generation mobile phone licenses, for example, just another way to create competition? ³ You have consistently backed deregulated cross-border communications as a way to create new markets in Europe. Has it had any effect? You often call for entrepreneurs to make changing the world their priority. Isn't it more realistic to accept that they want to make money? How do you make that point to entrepreneurs you support? Does Europe create entrepreneurs equal to those in the U.S.?


¹ : 조건이 어떤가, what is the weather like there? 그곳 날씨가 어떤가? ² : 당신은 (그 필생의)싸움에서 승리했는가? ³ : 3세대 이동전화 면허도 예컨대 경쟁력을 창출하기 위한 또다른 방법 아닌가?


15. 인도네시아 기업인 인터뷰
Eva Riyanti Hutapea, Indofodd Sukses Makmur FEER. Aug 15 2002
What's the biggest difference between Indofood before the Asian Financial crisis and now? How has Indonesia's fluid environment affected your strategy? ¹ How will Indofood evolve over the next few years? Which new markets do you think are the most promising?


¹ : 어떻게 -이 -에 영향을 미쳐왔나


16. 아시아 최대 외국인 로펌 파트너 인터뷰
"Legal Eagles in Asia" Jim Baird, Managing Partner for Asia of Clifford Chance, one of the largest foreign law firms in Asia, specializes in M&A work, convertible bonds and initial public offerings. [ FEER, Sep 19, 2002 ]
How would you characterize¹ the growing sophistication of legal work in Asia? (Private equity, I think, is something we've seen introducing a sophiscated element to deals.) Do you sense that² the legal environment in Hong Kong has changed since 1997. (No I don't. The biggest concern³ would obviously be if the court system isn't providing adequate remedies, or the arbitration system was somehow failing. In terms of⁴ either of these, I see absolutely no change of approach.) Some say the more that Chinese companies come into Hong Kong to exploit opportunities, the more pressure there could be on regulatory watchdogs. Do you see them turning a blind eye? Do you see a trend towards⁵ greater independence from what's happening to the U.S. economy? (It's becoming a bit more independent than it was. More investments by Asians within Asia than with international investors in Asia.)


¹ : -를 어떻게 특징지우겠느냐? ² : Sense=have a feeling about :--라고 느끼나? ³ : 근심,걱정 : 가장 큰 걱정거리라면 법원시스템이--- 하지 않을까 하는 것이다. ⁴ : -와 관련해서,(이 두 가지 모두와 관련해) ⁵ : --로 향한 추세를 느끼나.


17. CNN 루 돕스 머니라인 뉴스쇼
CNN Lou Dobbs Money Line Aug 14 2002.
-Don't you think, Mr.Breeden, that there would be just a lot of outrage?¹ I mean, these CEOs have known this was coming now for a couple of months. If they were to come in here and just sign it with this usual business as usual, I don't think that the market would be particularly either comfortable or kind, do you?² -That's a chilling thing, isn't it³ , Mr. Breeden, to think that we have to talk about CEOs and chief financial officers taking those statements seriously? Did you have a comment? (같은 프로그램 Nov 1, 2002) Interview with Steve Forbes There is a lot of call today for SEC Chairman Harvey Pitt to resign. What's the White House position on this? So presumably now the settlement is enacted?⁴ Bill, the unemployment rate today rose to 5.7 percent. Is the economy and jobs an issue in this election? What are the hot topics then around country? If he leaves, does that give the confidence back to investors, and confidence in the markets -- anybody? Steve, do you agree with that⁵ , and do you have to⁶ replace the chairman at this point to get that credibility back? (STEVE FORBES, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, "FORBES": I think Harvey will get the heat after Tuesday, and rightly so, even more than the Webster case, he took a powder last summer when these scandals were reaching a fever pitch) Steve, does this kind of clear⁷ the air, though, for maybe new economic policies, and maybe a new emphasis on the economy after the election? We have the Federal Reserve meeting next week, and the market is basically betting that the Fed is going to lower rates again. Does it make any difference? Well, with⁸ consumer confidence low, it's amazing that the economy isn't a bigger issue in these elections. Why do you think that is, Steve? Also, we had some news on car sales. That's just a year after those 0 percent financing deals. What's happening now? That's partly because⁹ investors are expecting that good times are going to end?


¹ : --라고 생각하지 않나, 내 말 뜻은(I mean)--- ² : (CEO들이 회사에 문제가 생길 줄 예견하면서 아무 일 없다는 듯이 사인하고 했다면) 시장은 평온하거나 혹은 관대하지 않을 것이라고 생각하는 데, 어떻게 생각하나? ³ : 그것은 섬뜩한 일이다, 그렇지 않은가? ⁴ : 그렇다면 짐작컨대 해결안이 만들어진 것 같은데? ⁵ : 동의하나? ⁶ : --해야 하나 ⁷ : 공기를 맑게하기 위해 (kind of:부사어:일종의) ⁸ : with=with regard to:와 관련해 ⁹ : 부분적으로 -하기 때문


18. 제프리 삭스(경제학자) 인터뷰
After 29 years at Harvard, Jefferey Sachs, Director of Harvard's Center of International Development ,has announced he will leave this year to head up the Earth Institute at Columbia Univ. He will also advise Secretary-General Kofi Annan on strategies to achieve the United Nations' Millennium Development Coals. [ The Citizen, Apr.29 2002 published by the student body of Kennedy School of Government at Harvvard Uninversity ] -At Kennedy School, you were instrumental in creating the MPA/ID program in 1999. A survey of the first graduating class shows that a little over half of MPA/Ids chose to work for either multilateral aid organizations or private businesses. The rest chose Ph.D. programs or jobs in the public and nonprofit sectors. Ideally, what kind of career path would you like to see MAP/ID graduates follow?¹ -You often speak about how the industrialized world can and should come to the aid of developing countries. What do you think poor coutries can do help themselves? -You recently released² a major report for the World Health Organization on the relationship between disease and poverty. In the report you recommend drastically increased spending on public health to lower infant mortality and population growth in developing countries. You argue that³ this will allow for more per capita spending on education and health care. However,in Africa,the world's poorest continent, your research has shown that lower infant mortality does not necessarily lead to lower population growth,because cultural norms underline the value of large families. How do you think your recommendations to the WHO would affect demography and social spending in African countries?⁴ -And you believe that would apply to Africa? -When we look at continents other than⁵ Africa, we see that their countries enjoy distinct identities. In Asia, we have specific information about Thailand,Malaysia,and South Korea.In Latin America, one distinguishes between Brazil,Chile,and Argentina. Why is there a tendency to clump African nations together under one umbrella?⁶ Since Africa is in such great need, shouldn't more attention be paid to the individual features of its countries?⁷ -You make a point of telling your students that globalization offers the best hope to combat world property. You also warn that globalization has already broken down once,following World War I, with horrifying results⁸ . A recent visitors to CID,Princeton historian Harold James, has blamed⁹ that breakdown on people's lack of trust in multilateral institutions. You are a well known critic of such institutions,like the World Bank and IMF. Do you think there is¹⁰ a risk of your critiques being co-opted by anti-glabalists? Following the Second World War, the United States played a large role in the reconstruction of Europe through the Marshall Plan. Given this¹¹ , what role can newly-developed countries like South Korea play, in assisting developing countries?¹² Following the Asian economic crisis, you wrote that financial systems, and especially, short-term capital flight was partly responsible for the crisis. How likely is a repetition of the Asian crisis?¹³


¹ : 원래 당신 구상대로라면(ideally) MPA/ID 졸업생들이 어떤 일을 하는 것을 지켜보고 싶나? *MPA/ID(J.Sachs가 경제학 박사급 수준의 실력을 갖추고 국제기구에서 일하기를 바라면서 Harvard Kennedy School에 만든 석사 학위, Master in Public Administration/International Development) ² : release 발표하다 ³ : 주장하다 ⁴ : how-절에 do you think가 삽입, 당신이 WHO에 해준 권고가 아프리카 나라들의 인구와 사회지출에 어떻게 영향을 끼칠 것이라고 생각하나 ⁵ : other than=가 아닌 ⁶ : why is there a tendency to do-하는 경향이 왜 있나? ⁷ : Should'nt---(더 많은 관심이 아프리카 각국의 특성에 따라 기울여져야) 하는 것 아니냐 ⁸ : 끔찍한 결과를 안고, 1차 대전이후에 ⁹ : blame A on B: A를 B 탓으로 돌리다. ¹⁰ : Do you think there is-가 있다고 생각하나 ¹¹ : 앞의 사실을 두고 생각할 때 ¹² : 한국 같은 나라들이 -하는데 어떤 역할을 할 수 있나 ¹³ : how likely is --- 할 가능성이 얼마나 되나?


19. 마이크로소프트사 CTO 인터뷰
Microsoft's security is a 'balancing act' Craig Mundle, the chief technical officer for advanced strageties and policy at Microsoft [ IHT Oct.28. 2002 ]
-Is security now the most important feature of any Microsoft product or service? -So Bill Gate's memo was about trying to move security higher up on the priority scale,but not necessarily making it "Job 1"? (A:Job 1 is to produce products people want.) -Do you see Microsoft and the rest of the software industry one day being held liable¹ the way² Firestone is for a tire failure today? -So how do you get closer to a more reasonable level of security? -How do we know Microsoft's "trustworthy computing" initiative isn't just PR? What if ³ stock analysts don't see a value in the security priority?


¹ : Being held liable 책임지게 되다. ² : The way (that)---:--하는 식으로;파이어스톤사가 타이어 문제 때문에 책임지는 식으로 ³ : what will happen if---하면 어떻게 되나


20. 파리 라파예트 백화점 메니징 디렉터 인터뷰
"Big challenge for Parisian store" Joel Mornet is the managing director of the Galeries Lafayette department strore chain. [ IHT Mar 11, 2003 ]
-What is the role of a department store in women's fashion? -What is Galeries Lafayette's role in the world of women's fashion? -How is Galeries Lafayette different from other stores in its merchandising of womenswear? -With designers pushing the envelope on accessories, where do designer accessories stand with Galeries Lafayette?(About a year ago, we decided to more aggressively merchandise designer accessories, mainly shoes and handbags, within the designer stands on the first floor.) -The store has an ambitious renovation program in the coming years. Could you elaborate?¹


¹ : 좀 더 상세히 설명해주실수 있습니까.


21. 김정태 국민은행장 인터뷰
Asia's banking maverick The CEO of South Korea's largest bank discusses his plans to turn it into a world-class financial institution The McKinsey Quarterly, 2003 Number 1
How do you see¹ Kookmin evolving in the next five years? How do you intend to reach this goal? ² What gives you confidence that their year off will benefit the bank? Is it unusual³ in South Korea for a CEO to pay so much attention to the talent issue? When you moved from a securities firm to a bank, did you notice differences⁴ in management style? Are you proposing any performance-management reforms to complement your talent-development programs? How do those incentives work⁵ for your top team? What is your view of stock options? The personal-reward system implies a need for transparency and accountability. You have said that we are now all like "carp in a glass fishbowl." What did you mean by that phrase?⁶ What are you actually looking for⁷ when you talk about "transparency"? Did transparency have a role in the merger between Kookmin and H&CB? (I believe that the most important factor in making a merger successful is gaining the agreement or the support of both organizations-the creation of goodwill and trust) Have you continued that personal approach⁸ ? How have you managed the always difficult issue of reducing headcounts? What did you do to maintain revenues throughout the merger? Is there anything in the merger you might have done differently? Your strategy is to provide all retail financial services. How will you do so?


¹ : How do you see---(국민은행이 앞으로 5년간 어떻게 돼 나갈 것으로)생각하느냐 ² : 어떻게 -을 자신하느냐 (무엇이 자신감을 안겨주고 있느냐) ³ : (CEO가 -문제에 관심을 많이 기울이는 것은) 이상한 일이냐? ⁴ : notice=알아채다. 알다. ⁵ : 인센티브 프로그램이 -에 어떻게 작동하느냐? ⁶ : What do you mean by-는 무슨 뜻이냐. 그 구절은 무슨 뜻이었느냐? ⁷ : Look for-찾다 ⁸ : 당신은 그 같은 개인적 접근을 지속해왔느냐


22. 인도네시아 '아스트라 인터내셔날' 대표 인터뷰
'Predicting the Future', Astra International' new President-Director Budi Setiadharma[ FEER, Sep.26. 2002 ]
-Five years from now, will Astra international be a focused car-distribution and financing company,or do you expect it to remain more diversified? (There will be some divestments,but the main focus of our strategy will be to leverage cross-selling opportunities and other synergies between our companies, and strengthen our core businesses in this way.) -Do you expect any significant changes in the market environment in Indonesia? -Do you think it will remain stable? -How much of that growth has resulted from credit growth,and better financing facilities? -Do you see the competitive threat to your business increasing over the next few years? From the Chines, for instance? Is this of significant concern for Astra International? -How would you assess the performance,so far¹ , of the current government under president Megawati?


¹ : so far=until now 지금까지


23. 월스트리트 라운드테이블 좌담
Wall Street roundtable/Making Markets safe "We haven't yet stormed the fortress" [ IHT Nov 30-Dec 1, 2002 ]
-We have had a tumultuous year, filled with corporate scandal and regulatory reform. How has the business of recommending stocks changed? -What bothers you most¹ about the current structure of financial markets? -How useful is research today? -Is independent research any better² ? -Are we going to stop talking about reform when people start making money again? -Looking forward, what structure will reform take³ ? -The issue is,who do they trust?⁴ Is your argument that⁵ the full-service franchise -the fellow who goes to your church or country club who is your broker- will be the model that will come out of this thing with an advantage? -What other effects will reform have on the structure of the financial service industry? -What still needs to be fixed?⁶ -What can I as an individual investor do to protect myself?


¹ : 무엇이 당신을 가장 괴롭혔느냐 ² : 독립적인 research가 과연 더 나은가? ³ : 개혁은 어떤 얼개로 진행될 것인가. ⁴ : 그들이 누구를 믿느냐 ⁵ : --이 당신의 주장이냐 ⁶ : 무엇이 더 고쳐져야 하나


24. NYSE 첫 여성 이사 인터뷰
Changing the rules:Adventures of a Wall Street Maverick, By Muriel Siebert, the first woman to buy a seat on the NYSE(in 1967) [ IHT Nov3 2002 ]
-What do you think about the analysts who recommended stocks they did not believe in? -What was the worst single excess of the 1990s? -What reforms do you favor?¹ -Are the reforms enacted so far² real change,or eyewash? -Harvey Pitt³ wasn't vocal?⁴ -With the Pitt resignation annoucement, will the Bush administration install someone who has unimpeachable integrity? -What do you think of the interplay between Sanford Weill, the chairman fo Citicorp, and his former telecom analyst, Jack Grubman? (I am not sure about⁵ the timing of Grubman's switches in opinion on AT&T. If it is the way it's reported, it wasn't right. But listen, that's the way business has been done for a long time) -What will it take to⁶ restore confidence in the markets? -Would Wall Street be more ethical if more women were in high places? (I believe it would be.You know, the whistle-blowers in major companies like Enron were women.)


¹ : 어떤 개혁을 찬성하느냐 ² : 지금까지 행해진 개혁들 ³ : Chairman of the SEC, Bush appointed him on Aug 3, 2001, He announced resignation Nov, 2001 ⁴ : ⁵ : -에 대해 잘 모르겠다 ⁶ : (시장의 신뢰를 회복하기 위해서는) 무엇이 필요하나


25. 하비 피트 전 미국 SEC 위원장 인터뷰
NPR 'FRONTLINE' correspondent Hedrick Smith interviewed Pitt on April 5 and May 30, 2002. NPR
Looking back at the Enron affair and, I guess, some other things ... what are the problems that we're facing here?¹ And what about² a company like Andersen, which is there certifying that Enron's books³ are accurate? Where do we stand⁴ as ordinary investors? How do we know what's going on⁵ if somebody like Andersen -- which at one point was regarded as⁶ the U.S. Marines of auditing and accounting -- everybody was counting on them, and they say it's OK? Where are we left at that point?⁷ You've answered this question in other forums before. But Sen. Corzine and others have said that your long representation of accounting firms, of AICPA, of the accounting industry, raises some questions about whether or not⁸ you're the right person to be sitting in charge of the SEC dealing with accounting problems now. What's your response to that?⁹ In terms of¹⁰ reform and oversight for the accounting industry, I'd like to understand what it is you're proposing¹¹ What will it(the oversight board) be called, and who's on it? How does it get financed?¹² Would this oversight board have subpoena power?¹³ Would it set accounting standards? What would be its jurisdiction?¹⁴ How would they be put out of business? Why not take a tougher approach¹⁵ and have a government agency, something affiliated with the SEC? Sen. Corzine and others have gone back to the idea that Arthur Levitt proposed at one point -- separating auditing and consulting. Where do you come down on¹⁶ this issue? Should auditors be barred from¹⁷ doing consulting work -- minimally, as it relates to the audit itself? Tax work connected with audit work, and not have to do it as a consultant? ( The issue isn't whether¹⁸ you do it as a consultant. The issue is whether there is an economic incentive for the firm and for individuals to pay less attention to the needs of the public investor. That's the problem.) Who takes it away from senior management¹⁹ ? You have to go into who appoints the audit committee. If the audit committee is subject to the control of the CEO, it's just a back-door way of getting around the rule.²⁰ It seems to me²¹ you run a risk. There are people saying this is a time when tough action is needed and something fairly clear-cut is needed. ---Isn't this a time to get tough and be clear? ... People are talking about your reforms as pussycat reforms, putting the fox in the henhouse, pulling your punches. How do you deal with that kind of [criticism]? That's not true. The kind of people who are commenting are commenting on the basis of what you have said publicly. But the accounting profession is going to have seats on your board, and it didn't have seats on the old board, so this is bringing the accounting industry more into the board of oversight. You said two or three seats. What's interesting²² , as I listen to you²³ , I've listened to Barry Melancon [of the AICPA], I've listened to people in the accounting industry, I feel as though²⁴ I am hearing the same person speaking. It sounds as though²⁵ you're saying very much what the accounting industry itself wants and not what investors, investors' representatives are asking for. How does your proposal compare with²⁶ the proposal put forward by Mr. Oxley in the House, that was voted on by the House? Would your Public Accountability Board have a legislative mandate²⁷ ? You go back to Joe Kennedy and Paul Douglas [in the 1930s], and the argument they had²⁸ when the SEC was started [in 1934], as to whether or not²⁹ the SEC extended into a government, official body, or whether it should turned over to the private sector. You're essentially still sticking with what Joe Kennedy said and what Paul Douglas, as I understand it, opposed. Isn't that right³⁰ ? With private industry without a legislative mandate, without subpoena power, without the teeth that other people say are needed³¹ ? Why wouldn't it be an advantage to have subpoena power?³² Are you going to change that?³³ How? I think steps to enforce are to be applauded³⁴ , but that's the thing that can fluctuate. What matters is³⁵ the standards and the procedures over a period of time. It can rise and fall depending upon³⁶ events up there, depending upon personnel here -- the commissioners, the enforcement. Another issue that came up, and it has come up again during this last decade, is the question of the Securities Litigation Reform Act passed in 1995. Sen. Shelby feels as though the deterrent in private securities litigation has been weakened. What do you think? He's recommending that that law be reversed³⁷ , and that it be revisited and reformed. Where do you come down on that?³⁸ There have also been hundreds more corporate restatements, which might say something about corporate behavior that underlies the number of-- Mr. Pitt, it seems that³⁹ whether you're talking about expensing options, whether you're talking about the tort reform, whether you're talking about separating auditing and consulting, your basic message seems to be⁴⁰ , "Go slow, don't be too radical and hasty on reform." Isn't this a time to be tough?⁴¹ Why do you say "Go slow?" On one of these issues⁴² , you said, "Well, this is complicated. We can't really do it that way." If you look into the expensing of options, it's not whether you do it, it's when you do it and how you do it⁴³ , and we kind of⁴⁴ get lost in that. We get into the separation of auditing and consulting, and you say, "Well, it's complicated. You need to take a look at⁴⁵ all the different kinds of consulting that could be connected and you need to have certain skills across the board if you're going to do an effective audit." In issue after issue, what you're saying is, "It's too complicated. Just trust us to get it done, pretty much within the private sector." But people were trying to do something about it. Are you saying that Arthur Levitt's efforts to make reforms were not sincere efforts? But Congress threatened to cut off the SEC's funding on the auditor independence thing. It wasn't whether or not Arthur Levitt was going to proceed with it. I hope you're right


¹ : 우리가 여기서 직면하고 있는 문제는 무엇인가 ² : what about=what news or opinions do you have concerning:에 대해 어떻게 생각하나 ³ : 장부 ⁴ : (평범한 투자자인) 우리들은 어떻게 하나.(어디에 서나) ⁵ : 무엇이 어떻게 되가고 있는지를 어떻게 알 수 있나 ⁶ : -처럼 여겨지다 ⁷ : 그 때 우리는 어떻게 되나 ⁸ : (당신이 SEC 의장에 적합한 사람인지 어떤 지)에 대한 질문을 제기하다 ⁹ : 그것에 대한 당신 생각은 어떤가 ¹⁰ : -에 대한, -에 관한 ¹¹ : 당신이 제안하는 것이 무엇인지 알고 싶다 ¹² : 그 기구는 무엇이라고 불리게 되며 누가 책임을 맡게 되나. 그리고 어떻게 재원을 조달하나 ¹³ : would it have--: would는 가정법 조동사. 만일 이 기구가 생긴다면의 뜻:이 감독기구는 소환장을 발부할 권한을 갖게 되나 ¹⁴ : 그 기구의 jurisdiction(관할권)은 무엇인가 ¹⁵ : why not take--:왜 좀 더 적극적인 접근방법을 택하지 않나. ¹⁶ : Come down on=punish ¹⁷ : be barred from-을 금지당하다. ¹⁸ : 문제는 -하느냐 마느냐(인가 아닌가) 하는 차원이 아니다 ¹⁹ : 누가 고위경영진으로부터 그것을 앗아갈 수 있나 ²⁰ : 비켜갈 수 있는 뒷문 ²¹ : (당신이 위험을 안고 가는 것)처럼 보인다. ²² : 재미 있게도 interestingly ²³ : 내가 당신에게 들었듯이(--에게도 듣고 -에게도 들었는데 마치 똑 같은 얘기를 들은 것 같다) ²⁴ : as if- 마치 ---한 것처럼 (느끼다) ²⁵ : --한 것처럼 들린다 ²⁶ : how does A compare with B -A는 B와 비교해서 어떤가 ²⁷ : 그 위원회는 법적 강제력(a legislative mandate)을 갖고 있는가. ²⁸ : Argument(주장);그들의 주장 ²⁹ : as to (wheter or not-) (--한지 아닌지,인지 아닌지)에 대한 ³⁰ : 내말이 맞지 않은가? ³¹ : 다른 사람이 필요하다고 말하는. ³² : Why wouldn't be---:왜 subpoena power(소환할 수 있는 힘)를 갖고 있는 것이 장점이 아닐 수도 있는가 ³³ : are you going to--? -할 것인가. ³⁴ : 박수받다 ³⁵ : What matters:중요한 것: what matters is---;중요한 것은 -이다. ³⁶ : -에 따라 (부침한다) ³⁷ : Reversed:반대로 바뀐; recommed that the law (should)be reversed, ³⁸ : come down on=punish ³⁹ : it seems that--인 것으로 보인다.(--하든 -하든 ⁴⁰ : 당신의 기본적인 메시지는 -일 것이다. ⁴¹ : 지금 힘든 때 아닌가 ⁴² : 이슈중 하나와 관련해서 ⁴³ : 하는가 마는가의 문제가 아니라 언제 어떻게 하는가 하는 문제다. ⁴⁴ : 부사어(일종의) ⁴⁵ : need to do;-을 할 필요가 있다,take a look at-을 보다;


26. 영국항공 (British Airways) CEO 인터뷰
BBC BREAKFAST WITH FROST INTERVIEW: ROD EDDINGTON CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF BRITISH AIRWAYS [ BBC, OCTOBER 21ST, 2001 ]
DAVID FROST: Well, one industry that's been terribly badly hit of course is the airline industry, the Chief Executive of British Airways, Rod Eddington, doesn't give many interviews, in fact this is his first live interview since he took the job a year ago. And therefore that means we've had two legendary cricketers within 10 minutes. Good to have you with us¹ . Basic first question Rod, how safe is it to fly today, is it as safe as it was before September the 11th? What about² this idea of sky marshals, do you like that idea, the EU are discussing that. aren't they?³ And what about another thing, reinforced cabin doors or cockpit doors, are you going to fortify the pilots cabin? And plastic knives and forks? This week I, I actually cut my finger on a plastic, plastic knife (I'm sorry to hear that. ) On a flight but, so they're dangerous in a different way. How much traffic did you lose⁴ in the first week after September the 11th? And someone said in that first week you lost about 8 million? What are you looking for⁵ from the government, you've been to Number 10 and so on, and the word was that you hadn't specifically asked for aid except for compensation possibly for those four days, what did you ask the government for, what do you want from the government, what would you like them to do⁶ ? But you're looking possibly to have a liberal response to any sort of merger or partnership ideas you come up with, the Sunday Business says you're starting talks again with KLM for instance? The guy at KLM said this week that he thought that the end of this consolidation process would be that there would be three major carriers in Europe, British Airways, Air France and Lufthansa, do you think that's the way it'll probably go?⁷ So that intriguingly would mean that you and Virgin would get together in some way? Now Sunday Business editorial actually raises the possibility that British Airways might not survive, you obviously are confident⁸ you can or is it touch and go⁹ ? Well in fact people were saying you may well, you've had to say goodbye to 7,000 people, there may be more job cuts to come? So at the moment how much is traffic across¹⁰ the Trans-Atlantic route at the moment,¹¹ what's the drop? What's the best thing to do in a situation like this then, Rod, is it to raise prices or cut prices? But at the same time we hear great figures from¹² EasyJet and so on, that their business is up this September apparently, now of course they don't fly across the Atlantic but why are they doing so well, you can't really compete with them though, can you? Were you right to get rid of¹³ 'Go', your own cheap airline? (Go's a terrific business, well-run, but it doesn't sit naturally in the British Airways family) Will you have to¹⁴ sell off part of your property portfolio and lease it back, including your headquarters possibly? And will it make sense possibly¹⁵ to get out of Gatwick altogether, would you save a lot of money by doing that? (Gatwick's important to us, we don't want to run a hub-and-spoke operation at Gatwick but Gatwick is a critical market, there's a market for the Gatwick catchment area in its own right. Heathrow is our major London priority but Gatwick is important to us, I wouldn't want to get out of Gatwick.) So you're staying at Gatwick? And you've got, this is a boost¹⁶ for the airline industry I guess, Concord's coming back and, and having a test flight tomorrow,I gather¹⁷ ? And in fact it's been welcomed by Mayor Juliani in New York I see, as another sign of life, life coming back to normal? So what's your message to Tony Blair this morning, Rod? And if other airlines, you haven't asked for handouts, but if everyone else gets them would you accept them or would you post them back?¹⁸ And you'd like the government to give the go-ahead to a union with American Airlines for instance? But September the 11th, obviously had tragic implications, implications for so many people but it's, it's changed your life presumably¹⁹ ? And, do you have sort of²⁰ crisis management meetings early in the morning, late at night, every day?


¹ : 방송 인터뷰에서 처음 하는 인사말 ² : what about---:에 대해서는 어떻게 생각하나. 에 관한 새로운 얘기가 있나? ³ : 부가의문문이 뜻밖에 인터뷰에서도 많이 쓰인다. ⁴ : Traffic 교통량. 승객수 etc ⁵ : 정부에 대해 무엇을 바라나. Look for=를 찾다. ⁶ : 정부가 무엇을 하기를 좋아하나 ⁷ : 그럴 가능성이 있다고 생각하나 ⁸ : -에 대해 매우 자신만만하다 ⁹ : touch and go=아슬아슬하게 나가다, 닿을까 말까하게 나아가다 ¹⁰ : (대서양 노선의) 승객이 얼마나 되나 ¹¹ : 얼마나 떨어졌나 ¹² : -로부터 대단한 수치(실적)을 듣다 ¹³ : -을 없앤 것은 잘 한 일이었나 ¹⁴ : 팔아야 하나 ¹⁵ : -하는 것이 맞는 일일까 make sense=뜻이 통하다. 의의있다. 도리에 맞다 ¹⁶ : 부양책 ¹⁷ : I gather=I think ¹⁸ : (다른 항공사에서 주는 선전물을 당신은 신청하지 않았지만 다른 사람들은 다 받아간다면)그 것을 받을 것인가 아니면 되돌려 보낼 것인가 ¹⁹ : 아마도 ²⁰ : sort of=kind of: 일종의, 어떤


27. 유럽 전화회사 사장 인터뷰
Phone-cost fixation, Telephony is top target for cost-cutters. Interview with Patrick Lelorieux, president of Avaya's European operation. Avaya is the business phone system company. [ IHT Jul 28. 2003 ]
-What does the focus on phone costs say about the future? -But if they are not under pressure to cut costs, why would they be looking to¹ spend money on your systems? -So business is booming here? -Is Germany still² the weak spot in the European tech economy? -What kind of companies are looking to make what is still kind of a radical move to IP networks? -Is the Internet in Europe different from that in the United States? -Why is Cisco so far ahead of³ you in Europe?


¹ : look to= expect to ² : 아직 ³ : -보다 많이 앞서 있는